POL Scientific / JBM / Volume 11 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2024.0028
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Improving CT scan for lung cancer diagnosis with an integromic signature

Jipei Liao1 ,  Pushpawallie Dhilipkannah1 ,  Feng Jiang1*
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1 Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St. Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
JBM 2024 , 11(3), e99010023; https://doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2024.0028
Submitted: 12 July 2024 | Accepted: 14 August 2024 | Published: 6 September 2024
© 2024 by the Journal of Biological Methods published by POL Scientific. Licensee POL Scientific, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, making early detection crucial for reducing death rates. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening helps detect lung cancer early but often identifies indeterminate pulmonary nodules (PNs), leading to potential overtreatment. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic test that accurately differentiates malignant from benign PNs detected on LDCT scans by analyzing non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and bacterial DNA in patient samples. Using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed samples from a training set of 150 patients with malignant PNs and 250 smokers with benign PNs. Individual biomarkers in plasma and sputum showed moderate effectiveness, with sensitivities ranging from 62% to 77% and specificities from 54% to 87%. We developed an integromic signature by combining two plasma biomarkers and one sputum biomarker, along with additional clinical data, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95%. The signature’s diagnostic performance was further validated in a cohort consisting of 30 patients with malignant PNs and 50 smokers with benign PNs. The integromic signature showed high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant from benign PNs identified through LDCT. This tool has the potential to significantly lower both mortality and health-care costs associated with the overtreatment of benign nodules, offering a promising approach to improving lung cancer screening protocols.

Keywords
Diagnosis
Early stage
Lung cancer
Plasma
Sputum
Funding
This work was supported by Food and Drug administration (grant no.: 5U01FD005946-06).
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Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Journal of Biological Methods, Electronic ISSN: 2326-9901 Print ISSN: TBA, Published by POL Scientific
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