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REVIEW

Current trends in breast cancer genetics, risk factors, and screening strategies

Sorana Caterina Anton1† ,  Alexandra Lazan1† ,  Mihaela Grigore1 ,  Ciprian Ilea1 ,  Șadiye-Ioana Scripcariu1 ,  Setalia Popa2 ,  Simona Volovăț3 ,  Bogdan Doroftei1 ,  Delia Nicolaiciuc4†* ,  Diana Popovici1 ,  Gabriel Costăchescu1 ,  Ovidiu Sebastian Nicolaiciuc5 ,  Emil Anton1
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1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Iași 700115, Romania
2 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Iași 700115, Romania
3 Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Iași 700115, Romania
4 Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Iași 700115, Romania
5 Department of Implantology, Removable Restorations, and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa,” Iași 700115, Romania
JBM, e99010054 https://doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2025.0079
Submitted: 4 September 2024 | Revised: 27 January 2025 | Accepted: 14 February 2025 | Published: 13 March 2025
© 2025 by the Journal of Biological Methods published by POL Scientific. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed female malignancy worldwide and one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in women. According to the latest the World Health Organization data, it was the most common cancer in 157 out of 185 countries and was culpable for an estimated 670,000 deaths in 2023. With breast cancer incidence continuing to increase, there is a mounting interest in early detection and prevention, with a focus particularly directed on genetic factors, modifiable risk factors, and screening methods. Objective: This review aimed to examine the genetic landscape of breast cancer, the role of risk factors in disease development, and the importance of advancing diagnostic modalities for early detection. A comprehensive search and analysis of peer-reviewed articles and clinical studies from major medical databases were conducted to assess the most recent advancements and discoveries in the field. The literature review identified several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including genetic predispositions (e.g., BRCA mutations), hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Conclusion: By synthesizing current knowledge, this review enhances the understanding of breast cancer’s multifactorial nature and provides insights to guide future research on screening strategies and preventive measures.

Keywords
Breast cancer
Breast cancer screening
Risk factors
Breast genetics
Prognostic markers
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Journal of Biological Methods, Electronic ISSN: 2326-9901 Print ISSN: TBA, Published by POL Scientific
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