AccScience Publishing / JBM / Online First / DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2024.0133
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Theta rhythm as a real-time quantitative marker for non-invasive analysis of adult neurogenesis in the intact brain

Mahesh Kandasamy1,2*
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1 Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
2 University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
JBM, e99010061 https://doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2024.0133
Submitted: 3 December 2024 | Revised: 31 March 2025 | Accepted: 14 April 2025 | Published: 2 May 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Adult neurogenesis is a regenerative mechanism of the brain that contributes to neuroplasticity and memory consolidation. Aberrant neurogenesis is considered a key pathogenic hallmark of a wide array of neurocognitive disorders. While the functional significance of adult neurogenesis is well established in most experimental and wild animals, its occurrence in the aging human brain remains uncertain. Objective: Most studies on adult neurogenesis in humans rely on post-mortem analysis, as there is currently no method to accurately evaluate the neurogenic process in the intact brain. Theta rhythm, a neural oscillatory pattern, is believed to originate from hippocampal place cells that play a crucial role in creating cognitive maps. Theta rhythm is positively modulated by various factors, such as physical activities and enriched environment, which also promote adult neurogenesis. The strength and stability of theta rhythm are closely linked to mental well-being and cognitive functions, while its disruptions serve as indicators of neuropathogenic events that directly intersect with the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Conclusion: Modulation of the theta rhythm may reciprocally reflect the degree of neurogenesis in the adult brain, as newborn neurons can directly integrate with place cells, especially in the hippocampus. Given their electrophysical properties, newborn neurons may hold an intrinsic potential to generate theta rhythm upon motor sensory inputs and different neural activities. Biomedical tools such as electroencephalography, which measures theta rhythm, could thus be utilized to non-invasively monitor ongoing neurogenic processes in intact brains. Consequently, theta rhythm may function as a potential real-time, quantitative marker of adult neurogenesis.

Keywords
Hippocampus
Electroencephalogram
Theta rhythm
Neuroblast
Adult neurogenesis
Memory
Funding
MK is supported by the University Grants Commission- Faculty Recharge Program, New Delhi, India. The author sincerely thanks Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) 2.0, Biological Sciences, Bharathidasan University, (TN RUSA: 311/RUSA (2.0)/2018, dated December 2, 2020), and the Anusandhan National Research Foundation/ Science Engineering Research Board (CRG/2023/005266), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for financial support.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no competing interests.
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