POL Scientific / JBM / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2024.0065
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REVIEW

Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory tract infections

Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou1* ,  Petros Papalexis2 ,  Nikolaos Trakas3
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1 Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
3 Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, Athens, Greece
JBM 2024 , 11(4), e99010032; https://doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2024.0065
Submitted: 16 August 2024 | Revised: 14 September 2024 | Accepted: 20 September 2024 | Published: 23 October 2024
© 2024 by the Journal of Biological Methods published by POL Scientific. Licensee POL Scientific, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). By leveraging the unique properties of nanoscale delivery systems, nanotechnology can significantly enhance the selectivity and efficacy of antimicrobials, thereby reducing off-target effects. Objective: This review explores the development and application of targeted nanosystems in combating viral, bacterial, and fungal RTIs. Nanotechnology-based systems, including biological and non-biological nanoparticles, offer innovative solutions for overcoming antimicrobial resistance, improving drug bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. RTIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Traditional drug delivery methods face numerous challenges, such as rapid clearance, poor tissue penetration, and drug degradation. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these issues by enhancing tissue penetration, providing sustained drug release, and enabling targeted delivery to infection sites. These systems include liposomal delivery, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metal-based nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages in treating RTIs. Nanotechnology also plays a crucial role in vaccine development by offering new strategies to enhance immune responses and improve antigen delivery. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical translation and regulatory considerations for nanotechnology-based drug delivery, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing and quality control to ensure safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers promising advancements in the treatment, and prevention of RTIs by enhancing drug delivery and efficacy. By addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and poor tissue penetration, nanotechnology-based systems have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.

Keywords
Nanotechnology
Targeted drug delivery
Respiratory tract infections
Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial resistance
Funding
None.
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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Journal of Biological Methods, Electronic ISSN: 2326-9901 Print ISSN: TBA, Published by POL Scientific
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