POL Scientific / JBM / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2024.412
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REVIEW

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Towards accuracy and accessibility

Yan Mu1 Ke-Xin Chang1 Yu-Feng Chen1 Ke Yan1 Chun-Xiang Wang1 Qian Hua1
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1 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
© 2024 by the author. Licensee POL Scientific, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious dementia afflicting aging population and is characterized by cognitive decline, amyloid-β plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. AD substantially impairs the life quality of the victims and poses a heavy burden on the soci-ety at large. The number of people with dementia due to AD, prodromal AD, and preclinical AD is estimated to stand at roughly 3.2, 69, and 315 million worldwide, respectively. Current clinical diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, and clinical research demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers had excellent diagnostic perfor-mance. However, the application of CSF biomarker tests and PET are restricted by the invasiveness and high cost. The presence of clinical symptoms means that AD pathology has been progressing for many years, and only a few drugs have been approved for the traetemnt of AD. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important for controlling the outcomes caused by AD. In this review, we provided an overview of developing clinical diagnostic criteria, diagnostic strategies under clinical research, developing blood based-biomarker assays, and promising nanotechnologically-based assays. 

Keywords
Alzheimer’s Disease
the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association
Diagnostic criteria
Detection methods
Biomarker
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Journal of Biological Methods, Electronic ISSN: 2326-9901 Print ISSN: TBA, Published by POL Scientific